Nhanganyaya

Kubva payakatangwa pakati pezana remakore rechi20, nzira yekuverenga mvura inopenya yave musimboti wekutsvaga muminda yefizikisi yenyukireya, sainzi yezvekurapa nezvezvakatipoteredza. Nheyo huru iri muchokwadi chekuti zvimedu zvine simba zvinoburitswa panguva yekuora kwe radionuclides zvinobatana nemvura inopenya, zvichishandura simba kuita ma photon anooneka. Ma photon aya anoshandurwa kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi ne photodetectors (semuenzaniso, machubhu e photomultiplier, PMTs), ayo anozoongororwa pakupedzisira kuti averenge huwandu hwezvinhu zvine mwaranzi.

Kunyangwe hazvo nzira dzekuverenga squillation yemvura dzichiwanzo tarisa pa detector kana squillating liquid pachayo, ma scintillation vials, semidziyo inofukidza zvakananga sampuro uye squillating liquid, chinhu chikuru chakavanzika chinosarudza kubudirira kana kukundikana kwekuyedza.

Kugadzirwa kwemabhodhoro e scintillation muchidzidzo chazvino kuchiri kutarisana nematambudziko. Chinangwa chepepa rino ndechekuongorora zvakarongeka simba rekushanda uye dhizaini yemabhodhoro e scintillation pakushanda kwawo, uye kupa vaongorori hwaro hwedzidziso uye nhungamiro inoshanda mukusarudza nekushandisa mabhodhoro e scintillation nekuongorora basa racho, kugadzirisa dhizaini, kusarudza zvinhu, uye kuvandudza mashandiro.Panguva imwe chete, inotarisira mberi kune ramangwana rayo rekuvandudza tekinoroji yeLSC, ichipa rutsigiro rwekuwedzera kugadziridzwa uye kuwedzerwa kwekushandiswa kwayo.

Pfupiso yeLiquid Scintillation Counting Technology

1. Nheyo Yekutanga: Cheni Yakarurama Yekushandura Simba

Chinhu chikuru chekuverenga kwemvura inopenya chiri mukuita kwese kwekushandura simba rekuora kwemwaranzi kuita zviratidzo zvemaziso kuburikidza nemvura inopenya, uye maitiro ayo ehunyanzvi anogona kukamurwa kuita kufadza mwaranzi, kugadzira photon, kutora zviratidzo zvemaziso, uye kuongorora data.

2. Kuongororwa kweZvikamu zveTekinoroji Zvikuru

• Kudzora kugadzikana kwemhinduro ye scintillation: dzivisa hydrolysis (semuenzaniso ethylene glycol-based scintillation solution inoda kuwedzera antioxidant BHT) kana photolysis (toluene-based solution inofanira kuchengetwa kure nechiedza); chikamu che scintillation solution (semuenzaniso ethylene glycol system ine PPO) chiri nyore kunyudza makristaro patembiricha yakaderera (<4℃), izvo zvinozotungamira kudzikira kamwe kamwe mukushanda kwechiedza.

• Kugadziriswa kwekunzwa kwe detector: matekinoroji matsva ekuona akadai sesilicon photodiodes ane mhinduro yakakura yespectral uye ruzha rwakaderera akakodzera kuona chiratidzo chechiedza chisina simba; ma "multi-channel detector arrays" anogona kusanganiswa ne "parallel signal processing" kuti awedzere kukurumidza kwekuongorora kwe "high-throughput sample".

• Muenzaniso wekuvharwa kwemushonga uye kucheneswa kwawo: Kuvharwa kwemuenzaniso uye kucheneswa: Kupisa kwemavharuvhu e scintillation kunoda kuti helium mass spectrometry iwane mwero wekubuda kwemvura uri pasi pe1×10-⁹ Pa-m³/s, zvichidzivirira okisijeni kuti isapinde mu oxidative degradation ye scintillation zvakare. MaIon exchange resins anogona kushandiswa kuchenesa kubvisa ma ions esimbi uye kuderedza mwero wekuverengera kwemashure. Zinc nitrate/potassium ferrocyanide inoshandiswa kusanganisa radionuclides kusvika pa pelletized state, kuderedza vhoriyamu yemushonga uye kuwedzera kushanda kwe encapsulation.

Tekinoroji yekuverenga mvura inopenya inoita kuti radionuclides dzisina simba rakawanda dzionekwe zviri nyore nekushandura simba rezvikamu zvine radioactive kuita chiratidzo chechiedza. Kushanda kwayo kunoenderana nekugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvehunyanzvi zvakaita sekugadzikana kwemvura inopenya, kunzwisisika kwechinhu chinoona nezvechiedza uye kuvharwa kwemuenzaniso uye kucheneswa kwawo. Sechikamu chikuru chekuvhara sampuli, mvura inopenya inoita basa risingatsiviwi muzvibatanidzwa izvi, uye dhizaini yayo uye kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvine simba guru pakushanda kwese kwetekinoroji yeLSC.

Hunhu Hukuru uye Dhizaini yeMavharo eScintillation

1. Mabasa eMudziyo

• Kuvhara: Mavharo eScintillation anofanira kunge akavharwa zvakanaka kudzivirira kubuda kwemhepo ine mwaranzi ukuwo achidzivirira tsvina yekunze kuti isapinde muvharo.

• Kuenderana: Mabhodhoro eScintillation anofanirwa kunge akaenzana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemvura dzinopisa kuitira kuti asaite makemikari kana kuora muviri kana akabatwa kwenguva refu.

2. Kusarudzwa Kwezvinhu

• Girazi: kutumirwa kwepamusoro kuti iwedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwe photon transmission; kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwemakemikari, kuramba ngura, yakakodzera mhando dzakasiyana dze scintillation fluids; nhamba shoma yekumashure, yakakodzera kuonekwa kwe high sensitivity. Zvisinei, girazi harina kusimba uye rinorema.

• Purasitiki: yakareruka uye haikanganiswi nekukuvadzwa, iri nyore kushandisa uye kutakura. Zvisinei, mamwe mapurasitiki ane radionuclides echisikigo uye haana kugadzikana zvakanyanya uye anosangana nemamwe ma sntillation fluids.

• Kupedzisa Pamusoro: Zvinhu zvakaita sesilika zvinoputirwa pamadziro emukati mebhodhoro kuti zviwedzere kupenya kwechiedza uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekutumira uye kuwedzera kubuda kwephoton.

3. Kugadzirisa Chimiro uye Maumbirwo

• Dhizaini yekuvhura bhodhoro: Kuvhura kwakamanikana kunoderedza kuyerera kwemvura, kunoderedza kupindirana kwechiedza uye kunovandudza kugadzikana kwechiratidzo.

• Kudzivirira chiedza: bhodhoro kana chifukidziro chine ruvara rwakasviba zvinogona kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwechiedza chekunze, kuderedza ruzha rwekumashure uye kuvandudza chiyero chesignali-ku-ruzha.

• Mamwe magadzirirwo akagadziridzwa: mabhodhoro e scintillation ane pasi pe conical kana magadzirirwo akakosha emadziro emukati anoderedza masara emuenzaniso uye anovandudza mwero wekupora; mabhodhoro e scintillation akakodzera kuongororwa kwe scintillation sampuli, izvo zvinogona kuderedza huwandu hwe scintillation solution uye kuderedza mitengo.

Magadzirirwo uye kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvemabhodhoro e scintillation zvine simba guru pakushanda kwawo. Kunzwisisika kwekuona uye kururama kwekuverenga kwe scintillation yemvura kunogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya nekuvandudza kuvharwa, kuenderana, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, uye chimiro nekuvakwa. Mune ramangwana, nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva nematekinoroji, mashandiro emabhodhoro e scintillation achavandudzwa zvakanyanya kuti ape rutsigiro rwakasimba mukuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yeLSC.

Basa Rakakosha reMavhaya eScintillation

1. Kunzwa kwakanyanya kwekuona

• Pasi rine ruzha rwakaderera: Kuderedza kuiswa kwetsvina ine mwaranzi kuburikidza nekusarudza zvinhu uye nzira dzekuvhara, kushandisa girazi reborosilicate rine potassium shoma kana mapurasitiki akachena zvakanyanya kuderedza huwandu hwe radionuclides dzechisikigo. Nzira dzekuvhara vacuum kana dzekuzadza gasi risina simba dzinoshandiswa kuderedza kuputika kweoxygen nehunyoro pamvura inopenya.

• Kushanda nesimba zvakanyanya: kutumirwa kwemadziro ebhodhoro kwakagadziridzwa kunoita kuti chiedza chechiedza chionekwe zvakanyanya nechinhu chinoongorora chiedza.

2. Kuvimbisa kuvimbika kwekuyedza

• Kugadzikana kwemuenzaniso: kuvharwa kwenguva refu kudzivirira kuputika kana kuora, kwakakodzera kuyedzwa kwenguva refu. Dhizaini yechisimbiso chepamusoro-soro inoita kuti sampuro dzisadonhe kana kusvibisa panguva yekuchengetwa kwenguva refu kana kutakurwa.

• Kudzora kudzokorora: zvirevo zvemidziyo yakajairika zvinoderedza zvikanganiso zvekuedza pakati pemabheti, uye kushandiswa kwemabhodhoro e scintillation ane saizi yakafanana, chimiro uye zvinhu zvinovimbisa mamiriro ekuedza akafanana.

3. Mamiriro ekushandisa akawedzerwa

• Kuonekwa kwe micro-volume: Mabhodhoro emicro scintillation anotsigira ongororo yemuenzaniso wepamusoro-soro uye akakodzera kuonekwa kwemuenzaniso wemicro-volume, zvichideredza kushandiswa kwe reagent uye mari yekuyedza.

• Kuenderana nemamiriro akanyanya: Inoshandisa girazi rinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya kana zvinhu zvepurasitiki zvakakosha, yakakodzera kushandiswa pakuongorora zvakatipoteredza ne autoclave sterilization kana kuchengetedza tembiricha yakaderera.

Mavhaira eScintillation anowedzera kunzwisiswa kwekuona kuburikidza neruzha rwakaderera uye kutamiswa kwesimba kwakanaka muhunyanzvi hwekuverenga scintillation yemvura, uye zvakare inovimbisa kuvimbika kwekuyedza kuburikidza nekugadzikana kwemuenzaniso uye kudzora kubereka. Pamusoro pezvo, dhizaini diki uye inoenderana nemamiriro akanyanya inowedzera mamiriro ayo ekushandisa, ichipa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwekutsvaga muminda yefizikisi yenyukireya, biomedicine uye kutarisa zvakatipoteredza. Mune ramangwana, nekufambira mberi kwesainzi yezvinhu uye tekinoroji yekugadzira, mashandiro emavhaira eScintillation achavandudzwa zvakanyanya, zvichiisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekuvandudza nekuwedzera kushandiswa kwekuverenga kweLSC.

Mienzaniso yeMashandisirwo Anoshanda

1. Munda wezvekurapa

• Kuongororwa kweradiotracer mu radioimmunoassay: Radioimmunoassay (RIA) inzira yekuongorora mamorekuru inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakuongorora huwandu hwemahormone, mishonga uye zviratidzo zvegomarara. Mabhodhoro eScintillation anoshandiswa kuchengetedza maantigen-antibody complexes ane mavara eradio uye mhinduro dzeScintillation, zvichiita kuti radiotracers dzionekwe zvakanaka kuburikidza nekutumira kwakawanda uye dhizaini isina kusimba.

2. Kutarisa kuchengetedzeka kwesimba renyukireya

• Kuonekwa kwezviratidzo zve radioisotopes mumarara enyukireya: Marara enyukireya ane ma radioisotopes akasiyana-siyana anoda kutariswa nemazvo kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti nharaunda yakachengeteka. Mavharo e scintillation anoshandiswa kufukidza zvinobviswa mumarara enyukireya nemvura ye scintillation kuti zvionekwe ne radiographic, zvichidzivirira kubuda kwezvinhu zvine mwaranzi kuburikidza nezvinhu zvisingapindi ngura uye zvisimbiso zvemumhepo.

3. Sainzi yezvakatipoteredza

• Kutevera radionuclides mumhepo ine mhepo: MaRadionuclides ari mumhepo ine mhepo inoyerera zviratidzo zvakakosha zvekudzidza maitiro emhepo inoyerera uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Mabhodhoro eScintillation anoshandiswa kuunganidza nekuona maradionuclides ari mumhepo inoyerera, zvichivandudza kunzwisisika kwekuona kwemasampuli asina simba rakawanda kuburikidza nekugadzira kudzivirira chiedza uye kutamiswa kwesimba zvinobudirira.

4. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzekushandisa

• Kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu: Mavharo eScintillation anogona kushandiswa kuona kusvibiswa kwemwaranzi muchikafu.

• Kusangana kwenzvimbo: kuyera nhamba yemasero kuburikidza nekuyera masotopu ane radioactive mumatombo nemaminerari.

• Kuwanikwa kwemishonga: mabhodhoro e scintillation anoshandiswa pakuongorora metabolic kinetic yemishonga ine radiolabeled.

Mavhaira eScintillation akaratidza basa rawo risingatsiviwe mukushandiswa kwaro mumabasa akadai se biomedicine, kuchengetedzwa kwenyukireya uye sainzi yezvakatipoteredza. Kuburikidza nekunzwa kwakanyanya, kugadzikana kwakanyanya uye magadzirirwo akasiyana-siyana, mavhaira eScintillation anopa rutsigiro rwakavimbika rwekuona radioactivity uye anokurudzira kutsvagisa nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji muminda ine chekuita nazvo. Mune ramangwana, nekuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kwezvinodiwa, mavhaira eScintillation acharamba achitamba kukosha kwawo kwakasiyana muminda yakawanda.

Matambudziko uye Nzira dzekuvandudza

1. Miganho iripo

• Girazi Risina Kusimba Rinotungamirira Panjodzi Dzekushanda: Kunyange hazvo mabhodhoro egirazi anopenya achinyatsojeka uye asingachinji makemikari, kusasimba kwawo kunogona kukonzera kubuda kwemvura kana kukanganiswa kwekuyedza panguva yekufambisa nekushandisa. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwemitengo yekuyedza, kunyanya mukuyedza kwakawanda kana otomatiki.

• Plastiki inogona kunge iine matambudziko ekukwegura: Mabhodhoro epurasitiki anopenya anoshandiswa kwenguva refu kana kusangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa (akadai sekupisa kwakanyanya, maasidhi akasimba uye alkalis) anogona kunge achikwegura, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwehunhu hwemuviri kana kuenderana nemakemikari, izvo zvinoderedza kuvimbika uye kudzokororwa kwemhedzisiro yekuyedza.

• Dambudziko reruzha rwekumashure: Zvimwe zvinhu zvepurasitiki zvinogona kunge zvine tsvina yemwaranzi, iyo inowedzera huwandu hwenzvimbo uye inokanganisa kunzwisiswa kwesampuli dzisina basa rakawanda.

• Matambudziko emitengo nezvakatipoteredza: Zvinhu zvegirazi kana zvepurasitiki zvemhando yepamusoro zvinodhura, uye mabhodhoro egirazi anoshandiswa kamwe chete anogona kuremedza nharaunda.

2. Kugadzira tekinoroji

• Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvinosanganiswa: Tichibatanidza kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwemakemikari eceramics uye kuramba simba remapurasitiki, tinogadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvakagadzirwa neceramic zvinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, ngura, uye ruzha rwakaderera, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise mamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa uye kuonekwa kwekunzwa kwakanyanya. Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvepurasitiki zvinoora kunoderedza mutoro wezvakatipoteredza uye kwakakodzera kuyedza kunoraswa, zvichienderana nepfungwa yebudiriro inochengetedza nguva.

• Kugadzirisa tekinoroji yekurapa pamusoro: kuisa nanoscale optical enhancement coatings pamadziro emukati memabhodhoro kuti uvandudze kushanda zvakanaka kwe photon transmission. Kuwedzera kunzwisisika kwekuona, kwakakodzera kuonekwa kwe micro-sample.

3. Kugadzirisa tekinoroji yekurapa pamusoro

• Tekinoroji yekuvhara nano: machira ekudzivirira akagadzirwa ne nanoscale anoiswa pamadziro emukati memabhodhoro e scintillation kuti awedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwe photon transmission. Izvi zvinowedzerawo kunzwisisika kwekuona uye zvakakodzera kuona trace sample.

• Mapfekero ekudzivirira kusvibiswa: Mapurasitiki anodzivirira kusvibiswa akagadzirwa kuderedza masara emuenzaniso uye kuvandudza mwero wekudzoserwa kwemasampuli anokosha kana mamiriro ekushandisazve.

Kunyange hazvo mabhodhoro e scintillation achiita basa guru mu tekinoroji yekuverenga mvura inodziya, achiri kutarisana nematambudziko akati wandei maererano nehunyanzvi hwezvinhu, kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Mashandiro uye huwandu hwemashandisirwo emabhodhoro e scintillation anogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya nekutsvaga kwakasiyana-siyana. Mune ramangwana, nekufambira mberi kwesainzi yezvinhu uye tekinoroji yekugadzira, mabhodhoro e scintillation achaita budiriro huru mukunzwisisa, kuvimbika uye kugara kwenguva refu, zvichiisa simba idzva mukuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekuverenga mvura inodziya.

Mhedziso uye Maonero

Mavhaira eScintillation, sechikamu chikuru chetekinoroji yekuverenga mvura (LSC), anoita basa guru mukuona radioactivity kuburikidza nekugadzirisa zvinhu, maumbirwo nemaitiro. Kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, kugadzirisa maumbirwo, kuvandudza maitiro nezvimwe zvinhu ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinobatsira kuti mavhaira eScintillation ave tekinoroji yekuverenga mvura, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa kwezvipenyu, kutarisa kuchengetedzeka kwesimba renyukireya, sainzi yezvakatipoteredza nedzimwe nzvimbo.

Nekukura nekukurumidza kwesainzi yezvinhu, nanotechnology uye tekinoroji yekuzvishandira, mabhodhoro e scintillation achaita kuti pave nekushanda kwepamusoro, kwakangwara uye kwakachengeteka kune zvakatipoteredza mune ramangwana. Izvi zvitsva hazvingosimudziri chete kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yekuverenga scintillation yemvura, asiwo zvinopa maturusi ane simba uye rutsigiro rwekutsvaga muminda yefizikisi yenyukireya, biomedicine, nesainzi yezvakatipoteredza. Mune ramangwana, mabhodhoro e scintillation anotarisirwa kuva chinhu chikuru chinoshanda, chakavimbika uye chinogara kwenguva refu kwetekinoroji yekuona radioactivity.