Nhanganyaya

Mavharo eScintillation anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakuverenga scintillation yemvura, anonyanya kushandiswa pakuyera mashandiro eradioisotopes. Nheyo inoshanda ndeyekuisa scintillation liquid ine radioactive samples mumavharo eScintillation, uye kusangana pakati pezvikamu zveradioactive ne scintillation liquid kunogadzira fluorescence, iyo inoonekwa nemachubhu ephotomultiplier kuti iongorore huwandu hweradioactivity.

Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvemabhodhoro echiedza kwakakosha uye kunokanganisa zvakananga kururama nekuvimbika kwemhedzisiro yekuedza. Zvinhu zvakasiyana zvine hunhu hwakasiyana hwefizikisi, hwakadai sekusashanda kwemakemikari, kujeka, kuramba kupisa, huwandu hwemashure, nezvimwewo. Hunhu uhwu hunokanganisa kugadzikana kwemuenzaniso, kushanda zvakanaka kwekuona, kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda uye mutengo wekuyedza. Naizvozvo,Kusarudza mabhodhoro emvura akakodzera zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekuedza uye hunhu hwemuenzaniso idanho rakakosha kuti uwane mhedzisiro yekuedza yakarurama uye yakavimbika.

Mabhodhoro egirazi eScintillation

Mabhodhoro egirazi anopenya ane chinzvimbo chakakosha mukuverenga kupenya kwemvura nekuda kwekushanda kwawo kwakanaka. Zvakanakira zvawo zvinonyanya kuratidzwa muzvinhu zvinotevera:

1. Kusashanda zvakanaka kwemakemikari: girazi rinokwanisa kutsungirira kuputsika kwezvinonyungudutsa zvakawanda, maasidhi, alkalis nemamwe makemikari, uye hazvisi nyore kuita nemasamples, izvo zvinovimbisa kugadzikana kwemasamples uye kururama kwemhedzisiro yekuyedza. Semuenzaniso, pakuyera masamples ane radioactive munzvimbo ine acidic kana alkaline yakasimba, mabhodhoro egirazi anogona kuramba akagadzikana, nepo mabhodhoro epurasitiki anogona kunyungudika kana kuora, zvichikanganisa mhedzisiro yekuyedza.

2. Kujeka KwakanyanyaGirazi rinoonekera zvakanyanya uye rinogona kuwedzera kufambiswa kwechiedza chinobuda kuburikidza ne scintillation solution, izvo zvinovandudza kugona kwekuona kwe photomultiplier, zvichikonzera kushanda kwepamusoro kwehunyanzvi uye mhedzisiro yekuyera yakarurama.

3. Kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya: mabhodhoro egirazi anokwanisa kutsungirira kurapwa kwekuvhiyiwa kwemasero nekupisa kwakanyanya, senge kuvhiyiwa kwemhepo ine hutsi, iyo yakakodzera kuchengetwa kwemasero, kuyedzwa kwehutachiona uye kumwe kuyedzwa kunoda nzvimbo isina utachiona.

4. Kuverenga zvinhu zvisina mutengo wakaderera: Girazi racho pacharo rine radioactivity yakaderera zvikuru, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kupindira kwemashure uye kuvandudza kunzwisisika uye kururama kwekuyera, kunyanya zvakakodzera pakuona masampuleti eradioactivity emazinga akaderera.

Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvipingamupinyi pakushandisa magirazi anopenya:

1. Kusasimba: Girazi racho rinopfava uye rinogona kuputika panguva yekushanda, pane njodzi yekukwenya vashandi kana kusvibisa nharaunda, izvo zvinoda kungwarira pakushanda.

2. Zvinorema: Kana tichienzanisa nemabhodhoro epurasitiki, mabhodhoro egirazi anorema zvakanyanya, zvichiwedzera mutengo wekutakura nekuchengetedza.

3. Mutengo wakakwira: nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita semaitiro ekugadzira uye mitengo yezvinhu zvakagadziriswa, mutengo wemabhodhoro egirazi anowanzo kuve wakakwira kupfuura kurongedza kwakagadzirwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sepurasitiki.

Zvose zviri zviviri, mabhodhoro egirazi ekupisa ane mabhenefiti asingatsiviwi mukuverenga mvura inodziya nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwemakemikari, kujeka kwakanyanya, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuverengwa kwakaderera kwemashure, kunyanya zvakakodzera kuyerwa nemazvo, nzvimbo dzine acid yakasimba uye alkali, kuchenesa tembiricha yakawanda uye zvinodiwa zvekuverenga kwakaderera kwemashure ndizvo zvinoedzwa. Zvisinei, kuipa kwekusasimba, huremu uye mutengo wakakwira zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakusarudza.

Mabhodhoro epurasitiki eScintillation

Mabhodhoro epurasitiki anoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mukuverenga mvura nekuda kwekureruka kwawo, kugara kwenguva refu uye kukwanisika kutenga. Zvakanakira zvawo zvinonyanya kuratidzwa muzvinhu zvinotevera:

1. Hazvisi nyore kuputsa: purasitiki ine kusimba kwakanaka, inogona kutsungirira kukanganiswa uye kumanikidzwa, haisi nyore kuputika, kushanda kwakachengeteka uye kuri nyore, zvichideredza njodzi yekutyoka uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza.

2. Huremu hwakareruka: zvichienzaniswa nemabhodhoro egirazi, mabhodhoro epurasitiki akareruka pakurema, ari nyore kutakura nekuchengetera, zvichideredza mari yekufambisa zvinhu uye kugara munzvimbo dzemurabhoritari.

3. Mutengo wakaderera: mutengo wezvinhu zvepurasitiki wakaderera, maitiro ekugadzira ari nyore, saka mutengo wemabhodhoro epurasitiki anowanzo batsira kupfuura mabhodhoro egirazi, izvo zvinogona kuderedza mutengo wekuyedza.

4. Kuchena kwepurasitiki: purasitiki iri nyore kugadzirisa uye kuumba, inogona kugadzirwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekuyedza zvemaumbirwo akasiyana, zvirevo uye mavara emabhodhoro e scintillation, akadai semabhodhoro e conical, mabhodhoro akaenzana, mabhodhoro ebrown, nezvimwewo, kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekuyedza zvakakosha.

Zvisinei, mabhodhoro epurasitiki anopenya ane zvimwe zvaasingakwanisi kuita:

1. Kusashanda kwemakemikari akawanda: Zvimwe zvinonyungudutsa, zvakaita setoluene nexylene, zvinogona kukonzera kuti purasitiki inyungudike kana kushata, zvichikanganisa kugona kwekuona kwemachubhu ephotomultiplier uye nokudaro zvichideredza kushanda kwekuverenga uye kurongeka kwekuyera.

2. Kujeka kushoma: kujeka kushoma kwepurasitiki kana tichienzanisa negirazi kunogona kuderedza kufambiswa kwechiedza kunokonzerwa nemvura inopenya, zvichikanganisa kugona kwekuona kwemachubhu e photomultiplier uye nokudaro zvichideredza kushanda kwekuverenga uye kuyera kwakarurama.

3. Haidziviriri kupisa kwakanyanya: Zvinhu zvakawanda zvepurasitiki hazvigoni kubatwa nekupisa kwakanyanya, uye kurapwa kwe autoclave kunogona kukonzera kuchinja kwemabhodhoro epurasitiki kana kuburitswa kwemakemikari, zvichikanganisa mhedzisiro yekuedza uye hutano hwevaya vanoedza.

4. Kuwanda kwenhoroondo yenhoroondo: Kumashure kwepurasitiki kunowanzo kuve kwakakwirira kupfuura kwegirazi, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kupindira kwemashure uye kuderedza kunzwisisika uye kunyatsoyera, uye hazvina kukodzera kuonekwa kwemasampuli eradioactive emazinga akaderera.

Mukupedzisa, mabhodhoro epurasitiki anopenya ane mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana mukuyera nguva dzose, anodhura zvishoma uye anoedza zvinoda kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya nekuda kwezvakanaka zvawo zvekuti haapwanyike, akareruka, akachipa uye anogona kunyungudika. Zvisinei, zvakaipa zvawo zvakaita sekusashanda zvakanaka kwemakemikari, kujeka kushoma, kusashivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye nhamba yakakura yemashure zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakusarudza iwo kudzivirira kukanganisa kururama uye kuvimbika kwemhedzisiro yekuedza.

Gwaro reKusarudza Zvinhu

Kusarudza bhodhoro re scintillation rakakodzera kunoda musanganiswa wezvinhu zvinotevera:

Zvimiro zvemuenzaniso

1. Mhando dzezvinonyungudutsa: Zvinonyungudutsa zvakasiyana zvine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana kuti zvinhu zvigadzikane. Semuenzaniso, zvinonyungudutsa zvakasikwa zvakaita setoluene nexylene zvinogona kunyungudutsa mamwe mapurasitiki, saka zvakakosha kusarudza bhodhoro regirazi risina makemikari akawanda.

2. Asidhi nealkali: nharaunda ine acid yakasimba uye alkali inogona kukanganisa zvimwe zvinhu, unofanira kusarudza kuti bhodhoro regirazi rinoshanda zvakanaka uye rine acid yakawanda.

3. Kuwanda kwe radioactivity: Masampuli emwaranzi akaderera anofanira kusarudza mabhodhoro egirazi ane nhamba shoma yekumashure kuti aderedze kukanganiswa kwemashure uye kuvandudza kurongeka kwekuyera.

Zvinodiwa zveKuedza

1. Kunyatsoonekwa kwechokwadi: Kuyera kwakanyatsojeka kunoda kusarudzwa kwemabhodhoro egirazi ane kujeka kwakanyanya uye nhamba shoma yekumashure kuti zvivandudze kushanda zvakanaka kwekuona uye kuyera kwakarurama.

2. Zvinodiwa zvekushaya mbereko: kuyedza kunoda kuvhiyiwa kwemabhodhoro egirazi anodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya kunoda kusarudzwa kwemabhodhoro egirazi anodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya.

3. Kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda: kuyedza kurovera panguva yekushanda kuti pave nenjodzi yekuchengetedza mashandiro kunofanirwa kusarudza mabhodhoro epurasitiki asingatyoke kuti pave nekuchengetedzwa kwebasa.

Kuronga Mari Yako

1. Mari yezvinhu: mabhodhoro egirazi anowanzo kudhura kupfuura mabhodhoro epurasitiki.

2. Mari yekufambisa nekuchengetedza: mabhodhoro egirazi anorema zvakanyanya uye anodhura kutakura nekuchengeta.

Sarudzo Dzinokurudzirwa

1. Mabhodhoro egirazi akakodzera kuyedzwa kunoda kuyerwa kwakanyatsojeka, nzvimbo dzine acid yakasimba uye alkali, kuuraya utachiona pakupisa kwakanyanya, uye huwandu hushoma hwemashure.

2. Mabhodhoro epurasitiki akakodzera kuyerwa nguva dzose, kuyedzwa kusingadhuri, uye kuyedzwa kunoda kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya pakushanda.

Sarudzo yekupedzisira yezvinhu zvemabhodhoro e scintillation inofanira kuyerwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekuedza uye hunhu hwemuenzaniso. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti ubvunze nyanzvi kana kuita bvunzo yekutanga usati wasarudza imwe kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti wasarudza chinhu chakakodzera uye kuti uwane mhedzisiro chaiyo uye yakavimbika yekuedza.

Mhedziso

Mabhodhoro egirazi nepurasitiki anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muhunyanzvi hwekuverenga mvura uye rimwe nerimwe rine zvakanakira nemiganhu yaro. Mabhodhoro egirazi anobudirira mukuyedza kunoda kuyerwa kwakanyatsojeka, nzvimbo dzine acidic uye alkaline yakasimba, autoclaving uye background calculation yakaderera nekuda kwekusapinda kwayo zvakanaka kwemakemikari, kujeka kwakanyanya, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya uye background calculation yakaderera. Mabhodhoro epurasitiki, kune rumwe rutivi, nezvakanaka zvawo zvekusatyoka, kureruka, kudhura uye kuchinjika, ane nzvimbo mukuyera kwakajairika, kusingadhuri zvakanyanya uye kuyedza kunoda kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya kushanda.

Kusarudza chinhu chakakodzera mabhodhoro e scintillation hakusi nyore uye kunoda musanganiswa wezvinhu zvakaita semhando yemuenzaniso, zvinodiwa pakuedza uye bhajeti remari. Semuenzaniso, pakuyera kwakanyatsojeka munzvimbo dzine acid yakawanda nealkali, mabhodhoro egirazi pasina mubvunzo isarudzo iri nani, nepo pakuyera kwakajairika uye kuyedza kusingadhuri, mabhodhoro epurasitiki anobatsira zvakanyanya pamutengo.

Kusarudzwa nemazvo uye kushandiswa kwemabhodhoro e scintillation idanho rakakosha mukuwana mhedzisiro chaiyo uye yakavimbika. Vaongorori vanofanirwa kunyatsoongorora zvakanakira nekuipira kwezvinhu zvakasiyana zvichienderana nezvavanoda pakuedza, kusarudza mabhodhoro e scintillation akakodzera, uye kuashandisa zvichienderana nemaitiro ekushanda, kuitira kuve nechokwadi chekuti data rekuyedza rakarurama uye rakavimbika, uye kupa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwekutsvaga kwesainzi yekunyepedzera.