Nhanganyaya

Mutsvagiridzo yemazuva ano yesainzi uye ongororo yekuyedza, kamuri yekuunganidza yemuenzaniso ndiyo nhanho yekutanga kuona kuvimbika kwedata. Uye mukuita uku, sampuli yekuunganidza mabhodhoro, semutakuri wekutakura kwemuenzaniso wekuchengetedza uye kutakura, kusarudzwa kwayo uye kushandiswa kwakabatana zvakananga nekuvimbika uye kugadzikana kwemuenzaniso uye nekururama kwekuongorora kunotevera.

Sample yekuunganidza mabhodhoro anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemabhodhoro dzakanyatsosiyaniswa maererano nezvinhu, chimiro, zvinowedzera uye kuvharwa kwemasampuli akasiyana ane akasiyana physicochemical properties, analytical zvinodiwa uye kuchengetedza mamiriro.

Basic Classification yeSample Collection Vials

Mhando dzakasiyana dzemasampuresi dzine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuunganidza mabhodhoro panguva yekuunganidza uye kuchengetedza.Naizvozvo, kunzwisisa mutsara wekutanga wemuenzaniso wekuunganidza zvivharo zvichabatsira vanoedza kuita sarudzo yakakodzera zvikuru maererano nezvinodiwa chaizvo. Pakazere, machubhu emuenzaniso anogona kukamurwa maererano nezvinhu, nzira yekuisa chisimbiso uye hukuru hwakadai seyekunyungudutsa uye chimiro morphology.

1. Kurongwa nezvinhu: girazi vs. Plastiki

• Girazi Sample Tubes: Kazhinji yakagadzirwa negirazi yepamusoro yeborosilicate ine yakanaka makemikari inertness uye kugadzikana kwekupisa, yakakodzera kune yakawanda organic solvents uye yakakwirira tembiricha yekugadzirisa mamiriro. Kunyanya mukuongororwa kwepamusoro-soro kana kuunganidzwa kwemakomisheni ari nyore adsorbed, mabhodhoro egirazi anogona kunyatso kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemuenzaniso kana kusvibiswa.
• Plastiki sampuli yekuunganidza mabhodhoro: zvinhu zvakajairika zvinosanganisira polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, zvichingodaro. Zvinonyanya kurwisa uye kusareruka, uye zvakakodzerwa nechando che cryogenic, biological sample collection, uye routine kliniki yekuongororwa. Mamwe emapuranga epurasitiki epamusoro-soro anopikisawo kune imwe chiyero chemakemikari ekuora.

2. Kurongeka nenzira yekuisa chisimbiso: screw, bayonet, gland type

• Chikukuru-in type: iyo yakajairika mhando, iri nyore kuvhura uye kuvhara, inokodzera kune akawanda general laboratory zvinodiwa. Screw-port caps inowanzobatanidzwa nePTFE/silicone gaskets kuti ive nechokwadi chekuisa chisimbiso uye kuenderana kwemakemikari.
• Bayonet type: Inokurumidza kuvharwa ne snap, inokodzera kukurumidza kushanda kana zviitiko zvinoda kuvhurika kazhinji, inonyanya kushandiswa mumapuratifomu otomatiki kana mamwe maitiro akajairwa ekuyedza.
• Gland type: Yakavharwa nesimbi chivharo uye gland, yakanyanya mhepo, inowanzoshandiswa mugasi chromatography uye zvimwe zviedzo zvinoda kudzora kushanduka kukuru. Inokodzera kuchengetedza kwenguva refu uye yekufambisa, kunyanya kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukuyedza sampuli yezvakatipoteredza.

3. Kurongwa nevhoriyamu uye chimiro: chiyero, diki, conical pasi, nezvimwe.

• Mabhodhoro akajairika: mavhoriyamu akajairika 1.5 ml, 2 ml uye 5 ml, ayo akakodzera kuunganidzwa uye kuongororwa kweakawanda emvura samples. Chimiro chakanyanya cylindrical, iri nyore kubatwa neautomated equipment.
• Micro vials: ine vhoriyamu ye0.2ml-0.5ml, inowanzoshandiswa kune diki diki saizi saizi kana yakakwirira throughput yekuedza magadzirirwo. Inokodzera micro sampling system.
• Koni-pasi mabhodhoro: Pasi pebhodhoro rakagadzirwa muchimiro chekoni, iyo yakanakira sampuli yekumisikidza, centrifugal kushanda uye yakasara-yemahara aspiration, inowanzoshandiswa muprotein / nucleic acid yekubvisa kuyedza.
• Yakatsetseka pasi / yakatenderera pasi mabhodhoro: Flat bottoms inokodzera autosampling midziyo, nepo kutenderera kwakadzika kwakakodzera kune manyorero ekushanda kana vortex kusanganisa mamiriro.

Zvishandiso muBiological Samples (mienzaniso yeropa)

Seimwe yeakajairika uye akakosha biological samples, ropa rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira kuchipatara kuongororwa, genetic test, uye proteomics research. Nekuda kwekuumbwa kwayo kwakaomarara uye yakasimba biological chiitiko, zvinodikanwa zvemidziyo yekuunganidza zvakanyanya kuomarara. Iyo sampuli yekuunganidza mabhodhoro anoshandiswa kune akasiyana maapplication akasiyana maererano nekuwedzera, zvigadzirwa uye dhizaini dhizaini, iyo inokanganisa zvakananga kunaka kwemasampuri uye kurongeka kwekuongorora kunotevera.

1. Zvakatipoteredza uye chinangwa chekushandisa

• Kuongororwa kwemishonga yekiriniki: yeropa renguva dzose, biochemistry, electrolytes, hormone level test, nezvimwewo, inoda kukurumidza, kushanda zvakanaka, kudzivisa hemolysis uye kusvibiswa.
• Molecular biology research: senge RNA-seq, yese genome sequencing (WGS), qPCR, zvichingodaro, izvo zvinoda yakakwirira zvinodiwa nucleic acid kuperera uye sampuli kuchengetedza mamiriro.
• Kuongororwa kweprotein uye metabolomics: kunetseka nezve protease basa inhibition, kugarisana kwe solvent, kugadzikana mushure mekudzokorora kutonhora uye kunyunguduka.

2. Yakajairika sampuli yekuunganidza vials marudzi uye magadzirirwo

• Iine anticoagulant vials: EDTA machubhu anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuongorora hematology uye nucleic acid extraction, iyo inogona kunyatso kuvharidzira coagulation process uye kudzivirira cellular morphology; Heparin machubhu akakodzera kuongororwa kweplasma, akakodzera kune mamwe makemikari ekuongorora (semuenzaniso, kuongororwa kwegasi reropa), asi kuvhiringidza mamwe maitiro ePCR; uye Sodium citrate machubhu anonyanya kushandiswa pakuita coagulation basa rekuyedza.
• Machubhu ekuunganidza ropa asina kucheneswa: inoshandiswa pakuongororwa kweserum, zvakadai sekubata basa, renal function, immunology tests, etc. Mushure mokunge ropa rakanyatsobatanidzwa, serum inoparadzaniswa ne centrifugation kuti irege kudzivirira makemikari ekuwedzera anokanganisa maitiro ekuedza.
• Specialized vials for cryopreservation: yakagadzirwa nepamusoro-simba PP zvinhu, inokwanisa kutsungirira tembiricha yakaderera (-80 ℃ kune mvura nitrogen nharaunda). Inowanzoshandiswa kwenguva yakareba kuchengetedza plasma, serum, cellular components, etc., inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumabhangi ezvinyorwa zvebhaibheri uye zvidzidzo zvekutevera kwenguva refu.

3. Caveat

• Kufurira kwezvinhu pane kugadzikana kwemuenzaniso: Mabhodhoro epurasitiki anogona kushambadza mapuroteni kana nucleic acids, zvinoda kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaderera adsorption kana kurapwa kwepamusoro. Mabhodhoro egirazi akagadzikana asi haana kukodzera kune ese mamiriro echando Nyanzvi dzeLab dzinofanirwa kuita mutongo zvichienderana nechimiro chemuenzaniso uye zvinodiwa zvekuyedza.
• Kukosha kwekunyora uye traceability system: Panguva yekuedza, sampuli dzinovhiringika nyore nyore nekuda kwekunyora, ruzivo rusina kukwana uye mamwe matambudziko, ayo anokanganisa zvakanyanya kuvimbika kwedata. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa laser-akadhindwa mavara, akaomeswa ekuchengetedza anonamirwa kana yemagetsi tracking system (yakadai seRFID, barcode) kune iyo yese maitiro ekutarisira sampuli.

Kuchengetedzwa uye kubata kwemasamples eropa kunoita basa rakasimba mumhedzisiro yezviyedzo, uye mabhodhoro akakodzera ekuunganidza haangokwidzi kuchengetedzwa kwechiitiko chemuenzaniso uye kuvimbika, asi zvakare chinhu chinodiwa pakutsvaga kwemhando yepamusoro. Nekuvandudzwa kwemushonga chaiwo uye tekinoroji yepamusoro yekuburitsa, kudiwa kwebiological sample yekuunganidza mabhodhoro kuri kuwedzera kunyungudika nekunatswa.

Chemical Analysis uye Laboratory Samples

Mune analytical chemistry, kuwanikwa kwezvinodhaka, kuongororwa kwekuchengetedza chikafu uye rimwe basa remurabhoritari, sampuli yekuunganidza mabhodhoro haingori midziyo yekuchengetera chete, asiwo zvakanyanya synergistic zvikamu zvekuongorora maitiro nechiridzwa. Kunyanya mu chromatography yemvura, gasi chromatography uye mamwe maitiro ekuenzanisa akakwirira, kusarudzwa kwevhavha kunoenderana zvakananga nekugadzirisa uye kurongeka kwekuongorora uye kushanda kwakagadzikana kwechiridzwa.

1. Kushandiswa kwevharo mu liquid chromatography uye gasi chromatography kuongorora

• HPLC mabhodhoro: yakanakisa kugadzikana kwemakemikari inodiwa kudzivirira mhinduro yemuenzaniso kubva pakuita kana kushambadza kumadziro evhavha. Kazhinji 2 ml screw-top glass vials ane PTFE/silicone gasket caps anoshandiswa, ayo anoshingirira kune organic solvents uye anochengeta chisimbiso chakasimba. Kune mafotoensitive samples, mabhodhoro ebrown aripo.
• GC vials: sezvo kuongororwa kweGC kunonyanya kuenderana nemuenzaniso wekushanduka, mabhodhoro anoda kuiswa chisimbiso zvakasimba uye anowanzogadzirwa negirazi regirazi rine makapu ekumanikidza; kuwedzera, kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwezvikamu zvinoputika, pre-punched gaskets inowanzoshandiswa kuvhara nealuminium caps.
• Zvikumbiro zvine mavhoriyamu madiki emuenzaniso: Pakuongorora kwepamusoro uye kutsvaga chikamu chechikamu, 0.3 ml-0.5 ml microvials inogona kushandiswa ne cannulae kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemuenzaniso.

2. Autosampling system saizi uye kuenderana zvinodiwa

Marabhoritari emazuva ano anowanzo shandisa maautosamplers kuvandudza kugona kwekuona uye kuenderana, uye zviyero zveyunifomu zvinokurudzirwa kune vial zvirevo uye maumbirwo:

• Common specifications: 2ml yakajairika caliber (OD 12mm * Kureba 32mm) ndiyo huru yekutenderera modhi, inowirirana zvakanyanya neakawanda-brand autosampling system.
• Vial kutaridzika zvinodiwa: muromo webhodhoro unofanirwa kuve wakapfava, muviri webhodhoro unofanirwa kumirisana nekukweshera kwemuchina, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mechanical ruoko clamping kugadzikana.
• Specialized Tray Adaptation: Mamwe mabhureki emasisitimu anoda chaiyo yepasi chimiro (yakadzika pasi, yakatenderedzwa pasi, kana ine grooves) kuti ienderane kune vial tray.

3. Zvinhu zvakakosha uye dhizaini inoshanda

Kuti uve nechokwadi chechokwadi chekuongorora kwemasamples akaomarara, marabhoritari anowanzo shandisa mabhodhoro akagadzirwa:

• Inert borosilicate girazi: Ndiyo yakasarudzika vial zvinhu zveHPLC/GC nekuda kwekukwira kwayo kemikari kuramba uye kuchena, kudzivirira kuita kana adsorption ine zvinoteedzera zvikamu mumuenzaniso.
• PTFE gasket cap: high solvent corrosion resistance, repeatable puncture, yakakodzera autosampling tsono kushanda, kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemuenzaniso uye kuvuza.
• Silanization kurapwa bhodhoro: iyo yepamusoro inobatwa neakakosha coating kuti kuderedze adsorption yepolar molecules, inowanzoshandiswa mukutsvaga kuongorora.

Nekusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera, kuvaka uye zvirevo, mabhodhoro mukuongorora kwemakemikari haangonatsiridza kugona kwekuona uye kuenderana kwechiridzwa, asi zvakare anobatsira pakuenderana uye kuvimbika kwesample data. Kunyanya mukutsvagisa ongororo uye otomatiki maitiro, iyo chaiyo yekumisikidzwa kweiyo vial masisitimu yave imwe yezvakakosha kuvimbisa kunaka kwebvunzo.

Kusarudzwa kweVials muEnvironment Sample Collection

Muunganidzwa wemuenzaniso wezvakatipoteredza unovhara zvakasiyana-siyana zvenhau, zvakaita semvura, ivhu, uye mhepo, uye masampuli ane zvinyorwa zvakaomarara uye anogona kunge ari pasi pemamiriro akanyanya (semuenzaniso, inoparadza zvakanyanya, inosandura, tsvaga zvinosvibisa, nezvimwewo). Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kweiyo data yakaunganidzwa uye kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvekutonga, zvakakosha kusarudza mabhodhoro akakodzera ekuunganidza sampuli.

1. Mamiriro ekushandisa

• Sampuli dzemvura: Baokou pamusoro pemvura, pasi pevhu, tsvina yemumaindasitiri, nezvimwewo, inowanzoshandiswa kuona simbi inorema, organic zvinosvibisa. Nutrient salts, nezvimwewo.
• Kubvisa ivhu: masampuri emvura anowanikwa nekubviswa kwemakemikari, ane masara emishonga yezvipembenene, heavy metal kana organic compounds.
• Airborne particulate collection liquid: sampuli dzezvikamu dzinoshandiswa kuburitsa kubva kune sefa membranes kana bubble inonwisa zvinwiwa.

2. Zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvesampling vials

• Kuiswa chisimbiso kwakasimba: Dzivisa sampuli kuvhuvhuta, kuvuza kana kunwa hunyoro panguva yekufambisa kana kuchengetedza, kunyanya kukosha pakuonekwa kweVOC.
• Good corrosion resistance: samples inogona kunge ine yakasimba acids, alkalis kana organic solvents, izvo zvinoda kushandiswa kwepamusoro borosilicate girazi kana mabhodhoro akagadzirwa nemapurasitiki akakosha.
• Inert design: Iyo yemukati madziro evhavha inoda kudzivirira kushambadza zvinosvibisa kana kuita nezvikamu zvemuenzaniso, uye kumwe kuongorora kunoda kushandiswa kwemabhodhoro akaiswa silanized kana kufanogezwa.
• Kutevedzwa nemirau yekuenzanisira: Ese marudzi emapurogiramu ekutarisa kwezvakatipoteredza anowanzo kutungamirwa nezviyero zvepasirese kana zvepasi rose, seUS EPA, China's Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water, nezvimwewo, uye mabhodhoro anofanirwa kusarudzwa kuti asangane nesampling zvavanoda.

Mabhodhoro asina kusarudzwa anogona kukonzera matambudziko sekushatiswa kwezvinhu zvinonangwa, adsorption yezvinosvibisa, uye akarerekera blanks, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa chokwadi chemhedzisiro yebvunzo kana kutotungamira mukushaikwa kwedata. Naizvozvo, iyo sainzi uye inonzwisisika kusarudzwa kweyemuenzaniso mabhodhoro mukutarisa kwezvakatipoteredza haina hukama chete nemhando yekuongorora, asi zvakare ine chekuita nekuteerera uye nesainzi sarudzo yezvakatipoteredza.

Vial Selection Guide: Maitiro Ekusarudza Kubva pane Sample Type uye Analytical Zvinodiwa

Kutarisana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemabhodhoro ekuunganidza, maitiro ekuita sarudzo inoshanda uye yesainzi mubasa rinoshanda idambudziko rinowanzoitika kune vanoedza.

1. Sample zvivakwa zvinosarudza sarudzo yemaitiro ekutanga zvinhu

• Zvimiro zvesample pachayo: Kana muenzaniso wacho wakanyanyisa, bhodhoro regirazi rine chisimbiso chekuvhara zvakanaka uye PTFE gasket inosarudzwa kuti iwedzere kurasikirwa kwezvikamu. Pamberi pemasampuli akasimba ekuora, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa makemikari-resistant borosilicate mabhodhoro egirazi, kana kushandisa yakakwirira-density polyethylene, fluorinated mapurasitiki uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvinozivikanwa sebhodhoro. Pamusoro pezvo, kune biologically inoshanda samples yakapfuma nucleic acids, mapuroteni kana tupukanana, enzyme-isina, mabhodhoro akarapwa anofanirwa kushandiswa, uye yakaderera adsorption kana inert zvinhu zvinofarirwa kudzivirira kushatisa sampuli kana kusiri-yakananga adsorption.
• Mhando uye kuenderana kweanalytical midziyo: Iyo autosampling system inoshandiswa, inoda kuve nechokwadi kuti saizi yevhavha yakashandiswa, iko kurongeka kwemuromo webhodhoro, ukobvu hwegasket, nezvimwe zvinoenderana neyakajairwa yakatarwa yemugadziri wechiridzwa. Kazhinji, yakamisikidzwa screw-yepamusoro 2 ml girazi bhodhoro rinoshandiswa kuve nechokwadi chekuti jekiseni rinoburitswa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kudzivirira kuvharika kwetsono kana kubuda. Kune sampling yemanyorero kana kugovera, imwe inochinjika vial mhando inosarudzwa.
• Sample kuchengetedza mamiriro: Mamiriro ekuchengetedza emuenzaniso anokanganisa zvakananga kusarudzwa kwezvinhu uye kuvhara chimiro chevhavha. Mazhinji magirazi kana polypropylene mabhodhoro akakwana kumasampuli ayo anowanzo kuchengetwa mufiriji kwenguva pfupi. Kana iwo masampuli achifanirwa kuchengetwa pakadzika tembiricha (-20 ℃ kana -80 ℃), machubhu ekuomesa echando anofanirwa kushandiswa, ayo akagadzirwa neakadzika-tembiricha-inodzivirira PP uye akashongedzerwa anti-leakage O-ring sealing chimiro. Kana masampuli akachengetwa munitrogen yemvura kwenguva yakareba, mabhodhoro egiredhi enitrogen akakosha anofanirwa kushandiswa, uye makepisi ane shinda yemukati kana makepisi kuti asimbiswe kuti avharwe anofanira kushandiswa kudzivirira kuomesa nechando. Pamusoro pezvo, zvekushandisa mafotosensitive, mabhurawuni kana opaque mabhodhoro anofanirwawo kushandiswa kana akashongedzerwa nemwenje-ufakazi midziyo yekuchengetedza.
• Kuenzana kwemutengo uye saizi yekuyedza: Pakuedza kwepamusoro-soro kana marabhoritari ekudzidzisa, mabhodhoro epurasitiki anokwanisika anogona kusarudzwa kuderedza mari yekushandisa. Nekunyatso ongorora kana kubata kwemhando yepamusoro sampuli, chinotariswa chinofanira kunge chiri pakushambidzika kwebhodhoro, kusasimba kwezvinhu, uye kuita chisimbiso, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kuve nechokwadi chechokwadi chedata kunyangwe nemutengo wakakwira zvishoma. Pamusoro pezvo, kana uchivaka maraibhurari emuenzaniso kana kutonga mapurojekiti enguva refu, zvakakosha kukoshesa mabhodhoro emhando yepamusoro ane barcode, freezer-resistant, uye inodzivirira kusvibiswa kuitira kuvandudza sampuli yekutevera uye kutonga kwedata.

Kutorwa pamwechete, vhezheni yekuenzanisira, kunyangwe idiki, inobatanidza chakakosha pakati peyedzo dhizaini, mhando yemhando uye yekuongorora mhinduro. Kuburikidza nekutarisa kwakarongeka kwehunhu hwemuenzaniso, midziyo yekuyedza, nzira dzekuchengetera uye saizi yebhajeti, iyo yekuyedza kupisa sosi inogona zvakanyanya nesainzi kusarudza yakanyatsokodzera sampuli yekuunganidza vial, ichiisa hwaro hwakasimba hwese tsvagiridzo maitiro.

Ramangwana Trends uye Innovative Directions

Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi yekutsvagisa otomatiki uye yakasvibira yekuyedza pfungwa, maekiseni ekuunganidza mabhodhoro ari kubuda munzira yekuenderana nekusekesa uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.

Kune rimwe divi, marabhoritari epamusoro ane kuwedzera kwezvinodiwa zvekumhanya kwemuenzaniso uye density, zvichiita kuti mabhodhoro afambe zvishoma nezvishoma akananga kuminiaturization uye modularization. Micro-saizi mabhodhoro ari kuita mukurumbira, uye kana akashandiswa neatomatiki masisitimu, iwo haango chengetedza nzvimbo uye reagents, asi zvakare anosimudzira kushanda zvakanaka, kuchinjira kune yemazuva ano kuyedza 'kuda kwekumhanya uye nemazvo.

Nekune rimwe divi, kutsvagisa uye kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvine hushamwari zvakatipoteredza kwavewo kutarisisa kweindasitiri. Kuti kuderedze mutoro wezvakatipoteredza unokonzerwa nemapurasitiki anoraswa, mabhodhoro akawanda ari kutora biodegradable kana bio-based zvinhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yekurongedza uye yekugadzira maitiro anowanzo kuve akarerutswa uye akasvibira, inoenderana nemaitiro ekugara ekuvaka marabhoritari.

Mune ramangwana, mabhodhoro haangove anodyiwa chete, asiwo akakosha chikamu chehungwaru uye kusimudzira kusimudzira kwema laboratori.